Networking ⁽⁹⁾

These two are optional features we can configure with Spanning-Tree. They are mutually exclusive: we configure one or the other, but you cannot configure both of them at the same time on the same interface. Where and how should we configure them? Let's take a…

I'm going to build a L2VPN service for Customer 1 sites (purple), and create an "emulated" switching environment within the MPLS core: CE1, CE3, and CE5 routers are going to be placed in the same broadcast domain, the MPLS core will be completely transparent for…

In a previous post I wrote about how can we accomplish NAT with Cisco devices. This time let’s examine how can we implement the same thing in Linux with the topology below. Basically we’re going to turn our Kali1 machine into a router which is…

After finishing the MPLS configuration in this post, I thought to take a closer look at the MPLS network, especially the labels: with the help of Wireshark we can examine how the labels are being inserted, switched and eventually removed at the edge routers. I…

I’ve been learning to configure MPLS and VRFs recently. I’m using GNS3 network emulator with real Cisco IOS images since other simulators such as Packet Tracer doesn’t support MPLS and VRF configuration. Running MPLS and having VRFs have many advantages: without using MPLS the customer…